Gender Inequality A Good Understanding Of The Social...

As a female college student I feel the necessity to have a good understanding of the social inequalities around me. Although, women have socially grown with more power over the years, it is not enough to equalize with the men. For example, the pay gap difference between men and women for not having the â€Å"testosterone bonus† even though the same education and qualifications are present. I hope that over time I will be able to experience a change and have the same equal rights as men because I feel that I have deserved it. I plan on having the same education and experience necessary to be fairly judged for a job. The gender inequality is important to know and to change for the future. Gender inequality is important to notice for a global change. The United States of America (USA) has its gender inequalities but may be viewed to be appropriate in comparison to other countries such Yamen, Pakistan, and Syria. In most of these countries, women are not even allowed to walk around without a man present. Gender inequality is present around the world and not only in the USA. Gender inequality is important to understand and changes is can make a difference in our global power Is ruled. The origin of gender inequality began in early history as the women would be slower to move, and could not stay away from camp as much as men could. Women had to carry their children and care for their needs. Because of this woman began to associate their task to be at home or with child care creatingShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality And Its Impact On Children s Developmental Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesWhen discussing inequalities, it is easy to overlook gender inequality because race inequality is prevalent and easily recognizable. Like racial inequality; gender inequality is also a real issue in America. Gender stereotypes are perpetuated throughout our lifetime beginning when we are children. Early on, children learn what is means to be a boy or girl from societal standards. Children begin to suffer from the boys versus girl’s mentality which is evident in the social behavior of children. Children’sRead MoreSsci 316 Study Guide Answers Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages For example if our society were to simply note that different groups are different, without an overt or implied status hierarchy, the issues of inequality would not be as important as they are today 2. Are race and ethnicity the only types of inequality in the US today? diversity in US today is not limited to ethnicity, race – other factors: social class (SES or socio-economic status), education, size of group, religion, language As defined in this class what do the terms ‘majority’ and ‘minority’Read MoreDifference Between Health And Social Class1333 Words   |  6 PagesVariations in health and inequality have always been the subject of debates and studies throughout the last century; explanations varied from: our lifestyles, our ethnicity, and even our gender. So why after 100 years of studying this worldwide phenomenon, and producing detailed statistical evidence, with well-informed debates are we still living in a society where inequality in health still exists? One would expect with so much progress in medicine, vast improvements in our living/housing standards;Read MoreGender and Culture Conflicts at Work858 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Gender and Culture Conflicts @Work There are a number of conflicts at my workplace. One of which that is related to gender is the differences in conflict management and conflict interaction with respect to gender. I noticed differences in how women react to and engage in conflict as compared with men. While differences are good in some cases, these differences, particularly with respect to conflict (in general) can exacerbate the conflict or redirect it such that the conflict does not get resolvedRead MoreThe Gender Discrimination And Inequality Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesAim To illustrate the gender discrimination and inequality issues at work and in leadership, consider the reaction to solve these questions. 1.2 Parameters This report discusses some key issues that occur at work and in the leadership of gender discrimination and inequality and current their improved programs in Australia and the United States. It illustrates background context, analysis and future direct, as well, there is 2000 words limit. 1.3 Definitions Gender discrimination is a situationRead MorePrimary Roles Of A Grade 7 And 8 Teacher1519 Words   |  7 Pageselite private school of a higher social economic status, presented an objection to their children learning about social inequalities. Parents of the students feel their adolescent children are not ready to tackle these issues of oppression, rather continue to focus on learning skills they feel will lead to future successes. I consider one of the primary roles of a grade 7 and 8 teacher is to help our youth understand how their own and others identities and social locations affect our lives and relationshipsRead MoreThe Importance Of Challenging Social Attitudes Towards The Understanding Needed By Community And Youth Workers1170 Words   |  5 Pagesreport is to emphasise the importance of challenging social attitudes towards inequalities in employment to improve the understanding needed by community and youth workers, â€Å"Equality of opportunity is the freedom to pursue success, achievement or individual goals unimpeded by artificial constraints† (Platt, 2011. P7). 1.2 This report will cover inequality in employment, providing one piece of evidence each for the six areas of inequality, race, gender, sexuality, class, disabilities and age. The evidenceRead MoreThe Body Language Of The Speaker, And The Emotion930 Words   |  4 Pages A good speech normally affects us by the words, the body language of the speaker, and the emotion we feel by speaker s different tone. On September 20, 2014. Emma Watson, a famous movie actress known for her movie series, Harry Potter, launched a speech at the United Nations called,HeForShe. In her speech she was using audience appeals, repetition, diction to argue the reality of the gender inequality that still existed and call for actions taken by men and women together. TheRead MoreHow Does Social Inequality Affect People Of Different Nationalities? Ethnicities And Races? Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesSOC 101 015 Prof. Pinderhughes 12/15/2016 â€Å"1]. How does social inequality impact people of different nationalities [ethnicities races], classes, and genders in society.† Inequality is ubiquity in our world, most people are looking at the downside or the surface of this phenomenon. In fact, that inequality is the drive of historical and social progress. Have an interesting experiment explain what response when monkeys encounter inequality treatment. Experimenters prepare two different foods, cucumbersRead MoreSocial Construction Theory : The Product Of Society And History851 Words   |  4 PagesFall Term Essay 1 Social construction theory explains human behaviour and identities as the product of society and history (Vance 29). This theory is the opposite of biological determinism and essentialism which suggest that genetic, physiological, and biological traits determine human behaviour (Vance 29). As mentioned in lecture (Klement), identities are unique to every person; they are the values, norms, values, and images in society that are combined, constructed, or created. Societal pressures

The National Welfare - 1954 Words

1a) . . . . [to] promote the general Welfare. (Preamble to the Constitution) In this statement, the founding fathers set out to place the ideals of a newly formed government. The idea was to give every citizen the peace of mind that they would be protected from outside forces, and create a standard of living that would allow most the opportunity to help themselves pursue their ideas of life, liberty, and happiness. General welfare does not guarantee the right to free health care, nor does it guarantee anything at all. In this context it is meant as a task that the federal government should attempt to provide the best possible options to its citizens and then allow them to decide how they would like to progress with every initiative. This†¦show more content†¦1c) If, my countrymen, you wait for a constitution which absolutely bars a power of doing evil, you must wait long, and when obtained it will have no power of doing good. (Oliver Ellsworth) This statement is saying that power can be both good and bad, but you cannot have the possibility of one without the other. The government must have power and as long as we can recognize the duality of power we can work together to stay on the right path. In the context of health care, having the power to force people to buy insurance is a power granted to the government, just as the creation of a social security net, but should it force people to buy insurance? This is an area I don’t think the government should be involved with, there is a level of support for the less fortunate and the idea that I will be taxed regardless of if I have health care or not does not sit well with me. That being said, I do agree with the government having the power to enact laws, as that is the point of the federal government, it’s the extent that they go and how invasive they become that is the worry, which is reflected in the statement Oliver Ellsworth made. You cannot have a purely goo d, absolute power, there will always be good and bad men who are capable of using power for good or evil, how can we reign them in? This is why the congress was created and the series of checks and balances, which I believe is a great way to govern. 1d) A government ought to contain in itself every powerShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The Public Sector On National Welfare Services1140 Words   |  5 Pageschanges in social policy have been brought up to respond to the increasing role of business demands in national policy (Farnsworth and Holden 2006). According to Farnsworth and Holden (2006), the shift of policy makers’ concerns to national competitiveness, the impact of globalisation, the influence of business concepts in the welfare management, and the introduction of the public sector in national welfare services are the main factors indicating how the corporate sector gains more influence in the policyRead MoreThe National Indian Child Welfare Association ( Nicwa )1757 Words   |  8 PagesInterest Groups One of the main interest groups that help brings support and attention to ICWA is the National Indian Child Welfare Association (NICWA). NICWA is a private, nonprofit, membership organization based in Portland, Oregon (www.nicwa.org). The members the represent this organization includes tribes, individuals, both Indian and non-Indian. This is a private organizations that provides help around the United States that is concerned with American Indian child and family issues, whichRead MoreThe Development Of National Laws And Policies Addressing Migration And Child Welfare1233 Words   |  5 Pages A social worker is a professional trained to promote the welfare of the community, and often works within it, by helping families or individuals. To achieve this, social workers have diverse and multifaceted duties that result in life changing decisions, especially for families and children. It is essential that their aid is provided to children of all backgrounds and nationalities, including migrant children. Although a complex professional protection system for children has been constructed andRead MoreNational School Lunch Program Is The Health And Welfare Of Our Nation s Children1869 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The Nation s second biggest nutrition and nourishment aid program is the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). More than 99,000 public and non-profit private kindergartens through twelfth-grade schools benefitted from this program by receiving over 30.3 million reduced-cost or free lunches with the Federal Government spending $12.6 billion per year. Almost 5 billion lunches were served in school lunchrooms in 2014, over two-thirds of those lunches were at a reduced-cost or were free ofRead MoreFederalism in Welfare Programs Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesFederalism In Welfare Programs POL 201 August 15, 2013 Federalism and Welfare Programs This essay is to inform you of federal policy issues involving welfare causing conflicting debates between national, state, and local government and how these conflicting issues relate to federalism. Federalism is â€Å"A government system where power and authority are shared by national and states governments, with the ultimate authority derived from the people. (Levin-Waldman, 2012). This paper will also describeRead MoreThe Problems with Using GDP/GNP as a Measurement to Compare Welfare Between Countries1169 Words   |  5 PagesCompare Welfare Between Countries National Income is defined as the sum total of all goods and services, i.e. of all incomes produced over a period of time which is normally a year. It examines the level of economic activity of this period. National Income is â€Å"flow† measure because the income of a country flows over a period of time rather than being measured at a special point in time as for example wealth is. However the way of presenting a country’s national incomeRead MoreEssay on The Labour Government as The Creator Of The Welfare State1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Labour Government as The Creator Of The Welfare State A Welfare State is a system in which the government undertakes responsibility for the well being of its population, through unemployment insurance, old age pensions and other social security measures. In order to achieve this the Labour Government of 1945-51 introduced a number of reforms, including the National Insurance Act of 1946 and the Education Act. They also managed to achieve full employment, a targetRead MoreThe Differences Between The And The British Welfare State1313 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare state in a country is essential for the economic and social well-being of their citizen, this is also historically a very important achievement for the inhabitant who are supported in case of need. Welfare state is different in every nation and there are four models in Europe: the Nordic model, the Continental model, the Anglo-Saxon model and the Mediterranean model. Because of these differences it would be interesting to make a contrast between two of them, as among the Italian Welfare stateRead MoreDr. Abbott And Social Welfare History1128 Words   |  5 Pagespioneers have been influential in advancing the field of social work and one of the early influencers was Edith Abbott. According to the Social Welfare History Project, Abbott was an early social reformer born in 1876 and lived until 1957. Dr. Abbott was known as a â€Å"Social Reformer, Author, Admini strator and Educator†. (Sorenson, Abbott, Edith - Social Welfare History Project) This paper will explore the background which brought Dr. Abbott to the forefront of the early social work world by speakingRead MorePeople Collecting Welfare Should Undergo Testing804 Words   |  3 PagesPeople collecting welfare should undergo drug testing to get the money the government is giving them, because it makes welfare applicants go down at least 48 percent, it also will help the national debt go down and help people with their drug problems. There are many benefits of drug testing welfare recipients. Floridas policy of requiring drug testing for welfare applicants appears to have reduced new welfare enrollments by as much as 48 percent. Welfare recipients in Florida now will have to

Media Supporting Information Technology Free Essays

string(72) " capable of being networked with at least one usually being a computer\." ? ROLE OF MEDIA TO PROMOTE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ROLE OF MEDIA TO PROMOTE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SUBMITTED TO: Ms. Tazeen Erum, Faculty Business Communication Institute of Business Management SUBMITTED BY: Hozefa Rasool, (MBA-IM) Ather Khan, (MBA-IM) September 02, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction A. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Supporting Information Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction to Information Technology 1. Application of Information Technology. B. Historical Background. 1. Pre-Mechanical Age 2. Mechanical Age 3. Electro Mechanical Age. 4. Electronics Age. C. Introduction to Media 1. Forms Applications of Media II. Media Promoting Information Technology A. Broadcasting Revolution B. Printing as |Stronger Media C. Virtual University D. Efficient Media Reporting E. Electronic Newspaper III. Analysis of Infra-Structure IV. References September 02, 2007 Ms. Tazeen Erum, Faculty Business Communication Institute of Business Management Korangi Creek Karachi. Dear Ms. Erum: Here is the report on â€Å"Role of Media to Promote IT,† which you assigned us on August 5, 2007 at Iobm. I hope you find our effort according to your requirments and expectations. The contents of this report prove that Media has been major player in the promotion of IT. The report is based on our observations, technical know how and various sources which have been mentioned at the end of this report. Humanity has progressed from agricultural revolution to the industrial revolution and is now moving to an information revolution, where knowledge is the prime resource for production of goods and services. Just as machines have extended man’s mechanical power and his convenience and comfort. The invention of printing was the first big break-through in Information Technology. It enabled literacy and education to go up from 10% to over 80% within 50 years by making available vast amount of reading material. That reading also led to the Reformation in Europe. Other break-through for Information Technology were the inventions like telegraphy, telephony, wireless or radio, television, broadcasting, computers (from room size to desk top to lap top to palm top and very soon, wearable ones. ) Information Technology as commonly picturised by computers, is extending man’s mind or brain or intellectual power. Information Technology devices like microprocessors are becoming mass appliances from pace makers for the heart, hearing aids, and efficiency enhancers in automobile engines and devices to steer space vehicles on the moon. The computing power in the few micro processors that are now in a Ford Motor Car is much more than all the computing power that was put in the space vehicle that landed the first men on the moon and brought them back. I hope the report will be self explanatory, if not or you have any ambiguity, please contact us huzefanajeeb@gmail. om Sincerely Hozefa Rasool Ather Khan INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is â€Å"the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. † In short, IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information, securely. Recently it has become popular to broaden the term to explicitly include the field of electronic communication so that people tend to use the abbreviation ICT (Information and Communications Today, the term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more recognizable than ever before. The information technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include: Data management Computer networking Computer engineering Database systems design Software design Management information systems Systems management or System administration The use of information technology is penetrating a still wider part of human life, linking areas of human life and making different media and technologies converge and dissolve into new ones, broadening the scope of interest for ISD research accordingly. Various academic disciplines deal with issues related to the use and development of information technology: information systems research, human-computer interaction, computer supported collaborative work, theoretical computer science etc. As these disciplines are getting more and more intertwined and interdependent the need for an integrating conceptual basis is becoming urgent. The hypothesis behind the present collection of papers is that activity theory is such a suitable theoretical basis. Ultimately, information technology is about some familiar ideas: Improved access to information Increased staff productivity Lower operations costs APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Because new technologies such as personal computers are complex and an element of uncertainty exists in the minds of decision makers with respect to the successful adoption of them, people form attitudes and intentions toward trying to learn to use the new technology prior to initiating efforts directed at using. Attitudes towards usage and intentions to use may be ill-formed or lacking in conviction or else may occur only after preliminary strivings to learn to use the technology evolve. Thus, actual usage may not be a direct or immediate consequence of such attitudes and intentions. (Bagozzi et al. 1992) PC Revolution is now well into its third decade and the continuing improvements in the user friendliness of PCs and Macs, printers and scanners, and software and the Internet has been enormous. The major application areas of Information Technology are briefly described. Data Management Data management comprises all the disciplines related to managing data as a valuable resource. The official definition provided by DAMA is that â€Å"Data Resource Management is the development and execution of architectures, policies, practices and procedures that properly manage the full data lifecycle needs of an enterprise. † This definition is fairly broad and encompasses a number of professions which may not have direct technical contact with lower-level aspects of data management, such as relational database management. Computer Networking Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems or devices. Communicating computer systems constitute a computer network and these networks generally involve at least two devices capable of being networked with at least one usually being a computer. You read "Media Supporting Information Technology" in category "Papers" The devices can be separated by a few meters (e. g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e. g. via the Internet). Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunication, and sometimes of computer science, information technology and computer engineering. Computer networks rely heavily upon the theoretical and practical application of these scientific and engineering disciplines. Examples of networks are the Internet, or a small home local area network (LAN) with two computers connected with standard networking cables connecting to a network interface card in each computer. Data Base Management System The Data Base Management System accepts requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organization’s information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system. Organizations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed database design is performed by database administrators. Computer Software Computer Software of programs, enables a computer to perform specific tasks, as opposed to its physical components (hardware) which can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for. The term includes application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users, system software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to run the necessary services for user-interfaces and applications, and middleware which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems. Management Information System Management Information Systems (MIS) is a general name for the academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures. Collectively called information systems, to solve business problems. MIS are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e. g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems. Computer Simmulation A computer simulation, a computer model or a computational model is a computer program that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system. Computer simulations have become a useful part of mathematical modelling of many natural systems in physics, chemistry and biology, human systems in economics, psychology, and social science and in the process of engineering new technology, to gain insight into the operation of those systems. Traditionally, the formal modeling of systems has been via a mathematical model, which attempts to find analytical solutions to problems which enables the prediction of the behaviour of the system from a set of parameters and initial conditions. Computer simulations build on, and are a useful adjunct to purely mathematical models in science, technology and entertainment. HISTORY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY History of Information Technology is Characterized by a principal technology used to solve the input, processing, output and communication problems of the time: 1. Pre-mechanical 2. Mechanical 3. Electromechanical and 4. Electronic THE PRE-MECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B. C. – 1450 A. D. A. Writing and Alphabets–communication. 1. First humans communicated only through speaking and picture drawings. 2. 3000 B. C. the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (what is today southern Iraq) devised uniform 3. Around 2000 B. C. , Phoenicians created symbols 4. The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet we use today. B. Paper and Pens–input technologies. 1. Sumerians’ input technology was a stylus that could scratch marks in wet clay. 2. About 2600 B. C. , the Egyptians write on the papyrus plant 3. Around 100 A. D. , the Chinese made paper from rags, on which modern-day papermaking is based. C. Books and Libraries: Permanent Storage Devices. . Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest â€Å"books† 2. The Egyptians kept scrolls 3. Around 600 B. C. , the Greeks began to fold sheets of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together. D. The First Numbering Systems. 1. Egyptian system: The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 as a U or circle, the number 100 as a coiled rope, and the number 1,000 as a lotus blossom. 2. The first numbering systems similar to those in use today were invented between 100 and 200 A. D. by Hindus in India who created a nine-digit numbering system. 3. Around 875 A. D. the concept of zero was developed. THE MECHANICAL AGE: 1450 – 1840 A. The First Information Explosion. 1. Johann Gutenberg (Mainz, Germany), invented the movable metal-type printing process in 14 50. 2. The development of book indexes and the widespread use of page numbers. B. The first general purpose â€Å"computers† 1. Actually people who held the job title â€Å"computer: one who works with numbers. † A. Slide Rules, the Pascaline and Leibniz’s Machine. 1. Slide Rule. Early 1600s, William Oughtred, an English clergyman, invented the slide rule Early example of an analog computer. . The Pascaline. Invented by Blaise Pascal (1623-62). The Electromechanical Age: 1840 – 1940 The discovery of ways to harness electricity was the key advance made during this period. Knowledge and information could now be converted into electrical impulses. A. The Beginnings of Telecommunication. 1. Voltaic Battery: late 18th century. 2. Telegraph: Early 1800s. 3. Telephone and Radio: Alexander Graham Bell. 1876 4. Followed by the discovery that electrical waves travel through space and can produce an effect far from the point at which they originated. 5. These two events led to the invention of the radio: Guglielmo Marconi. 1894 B. Electromechanical Computing 1. Herman Hollerith and IBM. 2. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). 3. Paper tape stored data and program instructions. THE ELECTRONIC AGE: 1940 – PRESENT. A. First Tries: Early 1940’s, Electronic vacuum tubes. B. Eckert and Mauchly. 1. The First High-Speed, General-Purpose Computer Using Vacuum Tubes: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) The ENIAC team (Feb 14, 1946). Left to right: J. Presper Eckert, Jr. ; John Grist Brainerd; Sam Feltman; Herman H. Goldstine; John W. Mauchly; Harold Pender; Major General G. L. Barnes; Colonel Paul N. Gillon. 2. The First Stored-Program Computer: The Manchester University Mark I (prototype). 3. The First General-Purpose Computer for Commercial Use: Universal Automatic Computer. B. The Four Generations of Digital Computing. I. The Second Generation (1959-1963). 1. Vacuum tubes replaced by transistors as main logic element. AT’s Bell Laboratories, in the 1940s Crystalline mineral materials called semiconductors could be used in the design of a device called a transistor 2. Magnetic tape and disks began to replace punched cards as external storage devices. 3. Magnetic cores (very small donut-shaped magnets that could be polarized in one of two directions to represent data) strung on wire within the computer became the primary internal storage technology. II. The Third Generation (1964-1979): Advanced programming languages like BASIC developed. III. The Fourth Generation (1979- Present). INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA †Materials that holds and transmit data in any form including Newspapers, Multimedia Presentations, Disk Drives, Optical disks, Magnetic Tape, Cable and many more. In other definition Media is defined as, â€Å"Messages that are distributed through the technologies, principally text in books, study guides and computer networks; sound in audio-tapes and broadcast: pictures in video-tapes and broadcast; text, sound and/or pictures in a teleconference are termed under Media. † There are three main types of media: Print Electronic Published FORMS APPLICATIONS OF MEDIA Journalism Journalism is a discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying, and presenting information regarding current events, trends, issues and people. Those who practice journalism are known as journalists. News-oriented journalism is sometimes described as the â€Å"first rough draft of history† (attributed to Phil Graham), because journalists often record important events, producing news articles on short deadlines. While under pressure to be first with their stories, news media organizations usually edit and proofread their reports prior to publication, adhering to each organization’s standards of accuracy, quality and style. Many news organizations claim proud traditions of holding government officials and institutions accountable to the public, while media critics have raised questions about holding the press itself accountable. Broadcasting Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video signals to a number of recipients (â€Å"listeners† or â€Å"viewers†) that belong to a large group. This group may be the public in general, or a relatively large audience within the public. Thus, an Internet channel may distribute text or music worldwide, while a public address system in; for example, a workplace may broadcast very limited ad hoc SoundBits to a small population within its range. The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. Internet The Internet (also known simply as â€Å"the Net† or â€Å"the Web†) can be briefly understood as â€Å"a network of networks†. Specifically, it is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and governmental networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. Advertising Advertising is paid, one-way communication through a medium in which the sponsor is identified and the message is controlled. Variations include publicity, public relations, product placement, sponsorship, underwriting, and sales promotion. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including: television, radio, movies, magazines, newspapers, the Internet and billboards. Advertisements can also be seen on the seats of grocery carts, on the walls of an airport walkway, on the sides of buses, heard in telephone hold messages and in-store public address systems. Advertisements are usually placed anywhere an audience can easily and/or frequently access visuals and/or audio. MEDIA PROMOTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Just as chemical or metallurgical or electrical technologies enable the processing of raw materials into usable goods, to satisfy man’s and societies’ needs so does information technology help the storage, processing, transmission and exploitation of information to satisfy a person’s, company’s, society’s or government’s needs for information. The invention of printing was the first big break-through in Information Technology. It enabled literacy and education to go up from 10% to over 80% within 50 years by making available vast amount of reading material. That reading also led to the Reformation in Europe. Other break-through for Information Technology were the inventions like telegraphy, telephony, wireless or radio, television, broadcasting, computers (from room size to desk top to lap top to palm top) BROADCASTING REVOLUTION Digital audio and digital video have revolutionized broadcast engineering in many respects. Broadcast studios and control rooms are now already digital in large part, using non-linear editing and digital signal processing for what used to take a great deal of time or money, if it was even possible at all. Mixing consoles for both audio and video are continuing to become more digital in the 21st Century, as is the computer storage used to keep digital media libraries. Effects processing and TV graphics can now be done much more easily and professionally as well. Other devices used in broadcast engineering are telephone hybrids, broadcast delays, and dead air alarms. See the glossary of broadcast engineering terms for further explanations. PRINTING AS STRONGER MEDIA Within fifty or sixty years of the invention of the printing press, the entire classical canon had been reprinted and widely promulgated throughout Europe. Now that more people had access to knowledge both new and old, more people could discuss these works. Furthermore, now that book production was a more commercial enterprise, the first copyright laws were passed to protect what we now would call intellectual property rights. A second outgrowth of this popularization of knowledge was the decline of Latin as the language of most published works, to be replaced by the vernacular language of each area, increasing the variety of published works. Paradoxically, the printing word also helped to unify and standardize the spelling and syntax of these vernaculars, in effect ‘decreasing’ their variability. This rise in importance of national languages as opposed to pan-European Latin is cited as one of the causes of the rise of nationalism in Europe. VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY The Virtual University is based completely on modern Information and Communication Technologies. It provides extremely affordable world class education to aspiring students all over the country. Using free-to-air satellite television broadcasts and the Internet, the Virtual University allows students to follow its rigorous programs regardless of their physical locations. It thus aims at alleviating the lack of capacity in the existing universities while simultaneously tackling the acute shortage of qualified professors in the country. By identifying the  top Professors of the country, regardless of their institutional affiliations, and requesting them to develop and deliver hand-crafted courses, the Virtual University aims at providing the very best courses to not only its own students but also to students of all universities worldwide. EFFICIENT MEDIA REPORTING As newspapers, magazines, trade publications and newsletters creep on to the Web; this swells the demand for reporters, who can keystroke simple sentences and strings of numbers. New media positions do not increase the job market for journalists. For this purpose, reporting is defined as nuts-and-bolts, no-nonsense information-gathering and packaging. Reporting wants just the facts. Journalism entails investigation, explanation and a point of view. Journalists are story-tellers, fascinated with the human experience, alert to the drama of conflict and struggle, infinitely curious about the motives and meanings behind events. Reporters use nouns and verbs as blunt utilitarian instruments. Journalists indulge in figures of speech; they use words as symbols, to evoke empathy, indignation, pity or anger. Most of what appears in Star or the National Enquirer is journalism, albeit of a very ripe kind. Most of Investor’s Business Daily is reporting. ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER In the late 1990’s newspapers began offering their content on the Internet in record numbers. By the end of the decade, more than 1,000 North American newspapers offered online versions, most available to Internet users free of charge. Electronic newspapers spared publishers one of their highest expenses—newsprint—and many brought publishers additional advertising revenue. Today Newspapers on the web offers readers the same content as its print publication as well as stories and features available only in its online version. ANALYSIS OF INFRA-STRUCTURE The government firmly believes in bringing the Pakistani media at par with the international standards and a total of 52 media development projects are being launched in the year 2007-08 with record allocation of six billion rupees, according to Federal Minister for Information and Broadcasting Muhammad Ali Durrani. Rs. 148. 039 million has been earmarked for the media development projects in NWFP, which demonstrates the government’s firm resolves to take all the federating units along in the development process. The Laram Top RBS has been established at the cost of Rs. 27. 97 million and is designed to serve around 450,000 people, while the RBS at Bajaur Agency, established with the total cost of 34. 733 million, is expected to cover 75,000 households, he said. The projects will not only carry the benefits of the modern age to distant regions of the country but will also bring affordable entertainment at the doorsteps for the common public. Islamabad Media University will be launched in the federal capital within next two months at a cost of Rs. 500 million, followed by setting up of its provincial campuses, including the Peshawar campus, in the second phase. Media University will not only offer specialized courses in media and journalism but will also initiate various research projects on media related issues. Rs. 35. 55 million will be spent to ensure full FM Radio coverage on Motorways sections M-1 which links Peshawar with Islamabad, and M-2, connecting Islamabad to Lahore. FM facility on the motorways will not only make the 500 KM-long journey from Peshawar to Lahore informative and pleasant but will also provide better opportunities to the media sector to expand itself in those gaps which are desperately needed to be filled in. Beside s this, up-linking stations will also be established in Islamabad as well as in all the provincial capitals, including Peshawar, which will cost around 49. 81 million rupees. These up-linking facilities would provide efficient and high quality information flow between the network and the subscriber. Snap-shot of Current Pakistan IT and Communication are stated below: TV sets70 million Cable Connections 35 million Daily/Periodical Papers 1500 Telephone Connections 65 million Mobile Connections 95 million Internet Connections 1 million References Internews Asia Pacific; www. internews. org/regions/asia/default. shtm The Media Handbook; by Hellen E Katz, 2003 Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority; www. pemra. gov. pk Pakistan Telecommunication Authority; www. pta. gov. pk Statistics Bureau of Pakistan; www. statpak. gov. pk Media Technology and everyday life in Europe; Roger Silverstone, 2005. World Bank; www. worldbank. org Wikipedia Encyclopedia; www. wikipedia. com University of Alabama, Dept. of Telecom and Film; http://www. tcf. ua. edu/AZ/ITHistoryOutline. htm. University of Arhus, Dept. of Computer Science; denmarkhttp://www. cs. aau. dk/SJIS/journal/volumes/volume12/articles/01-intro_p3-14. pdf. How to cite Media Supporting Information Technology, Papers

Apolinario Mabini free essay sample

Realizing the need for international recognition to support the legitimacy of his government, Aguinaldo assigned Mabini the difficult task of establishing diplomatic relations with friendly countries. Members of the  Hong Kong  Junta, a group of Filipino exiles in Hong Kong, served as the country’s envoys for this purpose. Apolinario Lumpo Mabini y Maranan  (July 23, 1864 — May 13, 1903) was a  Filipino  political philosopher  and revolutionary who wrote a  constitutional plan  for the  first Philippine republic  of 1899-1901, and served as its firstprime minister  in 1899. In Philippine history texts, he is often referred to as the Sublime Paralytic, and as the Brains of the Revolution.   To his enemies and detractors, he is referred to as the Dark Chamber of the President. Early life of Apolinario Mabini Mabini was born on July 23, 1864 in  Barangay Talaga  in  Tanauan,  Batangas. [   He was the second of eight children of Dionisia Maranan, a vendor in the Tanauan market, and Inocencio Mabini, an unlettered peasant. We will write a custom essay sample on Apolinario Mabini or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mabini began informal studies under his maternal grandfather, who was the village teacher. Because he demonstrated uncommon intelligence, he was transferred to a regular school owned by Simplicio Avelino, where he worked as a houseboy, and also took odd jobs from a local tailor all in exchange for free board and lodging. He later transferred to a school conducted by the Fray Valerio Malabanan, whose fame as an educator merited a mention in  Jose Rizals novel  El Filibusterismo. In 1881 Mabini received a scholarship to go to the  Colegio de San Juan de Letran  in  Manila. An anecdote about his stay there says that a professor there decided to pick on him because his shabby clothing clearly showed he was poor. Mabini amazed the professor by answering a series of very difficult questions with ease. His studies at Letran were periodically interrupted by a chronic lack of funds, and he earned money for his board and lodging by teaching children. Mabinis mother had wanted him to take up the priesthood, but his desire to defend the poor made him decide to take up Law instead. A year after receiving his  Bachilles en Artes  with highest honors and the title Professor of  Latin  from Letran, he moved on to the  University of Santo Tomas, where he received his law degree in 1894. The 1896 Revolution Believing that the Reform Movement still had a chance to achieve success, Mabini did not immediately support the revolution of 1896. When Jose Rizal was executed in December that year, however, he changed his mind and gave the revolution his wholehearted support. [2] In 1898, while vacationing in  Los Banos, Laguna,  Emilio Aguinaldo  sent for him. It took hundreds of men taking turns carrying his hammock to portage Mabini to Kawit. Aguinaldo, upon seeing Mabinis physical condition, must have entertained second thoughts in calling for his help. Mabini was most active in the  revolution in 1898, when he served as the chief adviser for General Aguinaldo. He drafted decrees and crafted the first ever constitution in Asia for the First Philippine Republic, including the framework of the revolutionary government which was implemented in  Malolos  in 1899. Prime minister Apolinario Mabini was appointed  prime minister  and was also  foreign minister  of the newly independent dictatorial government of  Emilio Aguinaldo  on January 2, 1899. Eventually, the government declared the first Philippine republic in appropriate ceremonies on January 23, 1899. Mabini then led the first  cabinet  of the republic. Mabini found himself in the center of the most critical period in the new countrys history, grappling with problems until then unimagined. Most notable of these were his negotiations with Americans, which began on March 6, 1899. The  United States  and the new Philippine Republic were embroiled in extremely contentious and eventually violent confrontations. During the negotiations or peace, Americans proffered Mabini autonomy for Aguinaldos new government, but the talks failed because Mabini’s conditions included a  ceasefire, which was rejected. Mabini negotiated once again, seeking for an  armistice  instead, but the talks failed yet again. Eventually, feeling that the Americans were not negotiating bona fide, he forswore the Americans, rallied the people, and supported war. He resigned from govern ment on May 7, 1899. Later life and death He also joined the fraternity of Freemasonry. On December 10, 1899, he was captured by Americans at  Cuyapo,  Nueva Ecija, but was later set free. In 1901, he was exiled to  Guam, along with scores of revolutionists Americans referred to as insurrectos and who refused to swear fealty to imperialist America. When Brig. Gen. Arthur C. MacArthur, Jr. was asked to explain by the US Senate why Mabini had to be explained, the following was cabled: |â€Å" |Mabini deported: a most active agitator; persistently and defiantly refusing amnesty, and maintaining correspondence with insurgents |† | | |in the field while living in Manila, Luzon [3] | |